/*
 * upb - a minimalist implementation of protocol buffers.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009 Joshua Haberman.  See LICENSE for details.
 *
 * Provides definitions of .proto constructs:
 * - upb_msgdef: describes a "message" construct.
 * - upb_fielddef: describes a message field.
 * - upb_enumdef: describes an enum.
 * (TODO: definitions of extensions and services).
 *
 * Defs are obtained from a upb_symtab object.  A upb_symtab is empty when
 * constructed, and definitions can be added by supplying serialized
 * descriptors.
 *
 * Defs are immutable and reference-counted.  Symbol tables reference any defs
 * that are the "current" definitions.  If an extension is loaded that adds a
 * field to an existing message, a new msgdef is constructed that includes the
 * new field and the old msgdef is unref'd.  The old msgdef will still be ref'd
 * by messages (if any) that were constructed with that msgdef.
 *
 * This file contains routines for creating and manipulating the definitions
 * themselves.  To create and manipulate actual messages, see upb_msg.h.
 */

#ifndef UPB_DEF_H_
#define UPB_DEF_H_

#include "upb_data.h"
#include "upb_atomic.h"
#include "upb_table.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* upb_def: base class for defs  **********************************************/

// All the different kind of defs we support.  These correspond 1:1 with
// declarations in a .proto file.
enum upb_def_type {
  UPB_DEF_MSG = 0,
  UPB_DEF_ENUM,
  UPB_DEF_SVC,
  UPB_DEF_EXT,
  // Internal-only, placeholder for a def that hasn't be resolved yet.
  UPB_DEF_UNRESOLVED,

  // For specifying that defs of any type are requsted from getdefs.
  UPB_DEF_ANY = -1
};

// This typedef is more space-efficient than declaring an enum var directly.
typedef int8_t upb_def_type_t;

struct upb_def {
  upb_string *fqname;  // Fully qualified.
  upb_atomic_refcount_t refcount;
  upb_def_type_t type;

  // The is_cyclic flag could go in upb_msgdef instead of here, because only
  // messages can be involved in cycles.  However, putting them here is free
  // from a space perspective because structure alignment will otherwise leave
  // three bytes empty after type.  It is also makes ref and unref more
  // efficient, because we don't have to downcast to msgdef before checking the
  // is_cyclic flag.
  bool is_cyclic;
  uint16_t search_depth;  // Used during initialization dfs.
};

// These must not be called directly!
void _upb_def_cyclic_ref(struct upb_def *def);
void _upb_def_reftozero(struct upb_def *def);

// Call to ref/deref a def.
INLINE void upb_def_ref(struct upb_def *def) {
  if(upb_atomic_ref(&def->refcount) && def->is_cyclic) _upb_def_cyclic_ref(def);
}
INLINE void upb_def_unref(struct upb_def *def) {
  if(upb_atomic_unref(&def->refcount)) _upb_def_reftozero(def);
}

// Dynamic casts, for determining if a def is of a particular type at runtime.
#define UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(lower, upper) \
  struct upb_ ## lower;  /* Forward-declare. */ \
  INLINE struct upb_ ## lower *upb_dyncast_ ## lower(struct upb_def *def) { \
    if(def->type != UPB_DEF_ ## upper) return NULL; \
    return (struct upb_ ## lower*)def; \
  }
UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(msgdef, MSG);
UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(enumdef, ENUM);
UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(svcdef, SVC);
UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(extdef, EXT);
UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF(unresolveddef, UNRESOLVED);
#undef UPB_DYNAMIC_CAST_DEF

// Downcasts, for when some wants to assert that a def is of a particular type.
// These are only checked if we are building debug.
#define UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(lower, upper) \
  struct upb_ ## lower;  /* Forward-declare. */ \
  INLINE struct upb_ ## lower *upb_downcast_ ## lower(struct upb_def *def) { \
    assert(def->type == UPB_DEF_ ## upper); \
    return (struct upb_ ## lower*)def; \
  }
UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(msgdef, MSG);
UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(enumdef, ENUM);
UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(svcdef, SVC);
UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(extdef, EXT);
UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF(unresolveddef, UNRESOLVED);
#undef UPB_DOWNCAST_DEF

#define UPB_UPCAST(ptr) (&(ptr)->base)

/* upb_fielddef ***************************************************************/

// A upb_fielddef describes a single field in a message.  It isn't a full def
// in the sense that it derives from upb_def.  It cannot stand on its own; it
// is either a field of a upb_msgdef or contained inside a upb_extensiondef.
// It is also reference-counted.
struct upb_fielddef {
  upb_atomic_refcount_t refcount;
  upb_field_type_t type;
  upb_label_t label;
  upb_field_number_t number;
  upb_string *name;

  // These are set only when this fielddef is part of a msgdef.
  uint32_t byte_offset;           // Where in a upb_msg to find the data.
  upb_field_count_t field_index;  // Indicates set bit.

  // For the case of an enum or a submessage, points to the def for that type.
  // We own a ref on this def.
  bool owned;
  struct upb_def *def;
};

// A variety of tests about the type of a field.
INLINE bool upb_issubmsg(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_issubmsgtype(f->type);
}
INLINE bool upb_isstring(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_isstringtype(f->type);
}
INLINE bool upb_isarray(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return f->label == UPB_LABEL(REPEATED);
}
// Does the type of this field imply that it should contain an associated def?
INLINE bool upb_hasdef(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_issubmsg(f) || f->type == UPB_TYPE(ENUM);
}

INLINE bool upb_field_ismm(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_isarray(f) || upb_isstring(f) || upb_issubmsg(f);
}

INLINE bool upb_elem_ismm(struct upb_fielddef *f) {
  return upb_isstring(f) || upb_issubmsg(f);
}

// Internal-only interface for the upb compiler.
// Sorts the given fielddefs in-place, according to what we think is an optimal
// ordering of fields.  This can change from upb release to upb release.
struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto;
void upb_fielddef_sortfds(struct google_protobuf_FieldDescriptorProto **fds,
                          size_t num);

/* upb_msgdef *****************************************************************/

struct google_protobuf_EnumDescriptorProto;
struct google_protobuf_DescriptorProto;

// Structure that describes a single .proto message type.
struct upb_msgdef {
  struct upb_def base;
  upb_atomic_refcount_t cycle_refcount;
  upb_msg *default_msg;   // Message with all default values set.
  size_t size;
  upb_field_count_t num_fields;
  uint32_t set_flags_bytes;
  uint32_t num_required_fields;  // Required fields have the lowest set bytemasks.
  struct upb_fielddef *fields;   // We have exclusive ownership of these.

  // Tables for looking up fields by number and name.
  struct upb_inttable itof;  // int to field
  struct upb_strtable ntof;  // name to field
};

// Hash table entries for looking up fields by name or number.
struct upb_itof_ent {
  struct upb_inttable_entry e;
  struct upb_fielddef *f;
};
struct upb_ntof_ent {
  struct upb_strtable_entry e;
  struct upb_fielddef *f;
};

// Looks up a field by name or number.  While these are written to be as fast
// as possible, it will still be faster to cache the results of this lookup if
// possible.  These return NULL if no such field is found.
INLINE struct upb_fielddef *upb_msg_itof(struct upb_msgdef *m, uint32_t num) {
  struct upb_itof_ent *e;
  e = (struct upb_itof_ent*)upb_inttable_fast_lookup(
      &m->itof, num, sizeof(struct upb_itof_ent));
  return e ? e->f : NULL;
}

INLINE struct upb_fielddef *upb_msg_ntof(struct upb_msgdef *m,
                                         upb_string *name) {
  struct upb_ntof_ent *e;
  e = (struct upb_ntof_ent*)upb_strtable_lookup(&m->ntof, name);
  return e ? e->f : NULL;
}

/* upb_enumdef ****************************************************************/

struct upb_enumdef {
  struct upb_def base;
  struct upb_strtable ntoi;
  struct upb_inttable iton;
};

typedef int32_t upb_enumval_t;

// Lookups from name to integer and vice-versa.
bool upb_enumdef_ntoi(struct upb_enumdef *e, upb_string *name,
                      upb_enumval_t *num);
upb_string *upb_enumdef_iton(struct upb_enumdef *e, upb_enumval_t num);

// Iteration over name/value pairs.  The order is undefined.
//   struct upb_enumd_iter i;
//   for(upb_enum_begin(&i, e); !upb_enum_done(&i); upb_enum_next(&i)) {
//     // ...
//   }
struct upb_enum_iter {
  struct upb_enumdef *e;
  void *state;   // Internal iteration state.
  upb_string *name;
  upb_enumval_t val;
};
void upb_enum_begin(struct upb_enum_iter *iter, struct upb_enumdef *e);
void upb_enum_next(struct upb_enum_iter *iter);
bool upb_enum_done(struct upb_enum_iter *iter);

/* upb_symtab *****************************************************************/

// A SymbolTable is where upb_defs live.  It is empty when first constructed.
// Clients add definitions to the symtab by supplying unserialized or
// serialized descriptors (as defined in descriptor.proto).
struct upb_symtab {
  upb_atomic_refcount_t refcount;
  upb_rwlock_t lock;              // Protects all members except the refcount.
  struct upb_msgdef *fds_msgdef;  // In psymtab, ptr here for convenience.

  // Our symbol tables; we own refs to the defs therein.
  struct upb_strtable symtab;     // The main symbol table.
  struct upb_strtable psymtab;    // Private symbols, for internal use.
};

// Initializes a upb_symtab.  Contexts are not freed explicitly, but unref'd
// when the caller is done with them.
struct upb_symtab *upb_symtab_new(void);
void _upb_symtab_free(struct upb_symtab *s);  // Must not be called directly!

INLINE void upb_symtab_ref(struct upb_symtab *s) {
  upb_atomic_ref(&s->refcount);
}
INLINE void upb_symtab_unref(struct upb_symtab *s) {
  if(upb_atomic_unref(&s->refcount)) _upb_symtab_free(s);
}

// Resolves the given symbol using the rules described in descriptor.proto,
// namely:
//
//    If the name starts with a '.', it is fully-qualified.  Otherwise, C++-like
//    scoping rules are used to find the type (i.e. first the nested types
//    within this message are searched, then within the parent, on up to the
//    root namespace).
//
// If a def is found, the caller owns one ref on the returned def.  Otherwise
// returns NULL.
struct upb_def *upb_symtab_resolve(struct upb_symtab *s, upb_string *base,
                                   upb_string *symbol);

// Find an entry in the symbol table with this exact name.  If a def is found,
// the caller owns one ref on the returned def.  Otherwise returns NULL.
struct upb_def *upb_symtab_lookup(struct upb_symtab *s, upb_string *sym);

// Gets an array of pointers to all currently active defs in this symtab.  The
// caller owns the returned array (which is of length *count) as well as a ref
// to each symbol inside.  If type is UPB_DEF_ANY then defs of all types are
// returned, otherwise only defs of the required type are returned.
struct upb_def **upb_symtab_getdefs(struct upb_symtab *s, int *count,
                                    upb_def_type_t type);

// Adds the definitions in the given serialized descriptor to this symtab.  All
// types that are referenced from desc must have previously been defined (or be
// defined in desc).  desc may not attempt to define any names that are already
// defined in this symtab.  Caller retains ownership of desc.  status indicates
// whether the operation was successful or not, and the error message (if any).
void upb_symtab_add_desc(struct upb_symtab *s, upb_string *desc,
                         struct upb_status *status);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}  /* extern "C" */
#endif

#endif  /* UPB_DEF_H_ */