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What to Know As a User:
A number of files have moved. Users that include files in the public API in more refined ways than using #include <cvc4.h> should consult which files have moved. Note though that some files may move again after being cleaned up. A number of small tweaks have been made to the swig interfaces that may cause issues. Please file bug reports for any problems.
The Problem:
The build order of CVC4 used to be [roughly] specified as:
options < expr < util < libcvc4 < parsers < main
Each of these had their own directories and their own Makefile.am files. With the exception of the util/ directory, each of the subdirectories built exactly one convenience library. The util/ directory additionally built a statistics library. While the order above was partially correct, the build order was more complicated as options/Makefile.am executed building the sources for expr/Makefile.am as part of its BUILT_SOURCES phase. This options/Makefile.am also build the options/h and options.cpp files in other directories. There were cyclical library dependencies between the first four above libraries. All of these aspects combined to make options extremely brittle and hard to develop. Maintaining these between clang versus gcc, and bazel versus autotools has become increasing unpredictable.
The Solution:
To address these cyclic build problems, I am simplifying the build process. Here are the main things that have to happen:
1. util/ will be split into 3 separate directories: base, util, and smt_util. Each will have their own library and Makefile.am file.
2. Dependencies for options/ will be moved into options/. If a type appears as an option, this file will be moved into options.
3. All of the old options_handlers.h files have been refactored.
4. Some files have moved from util into expr/ to resolve cycles. Some of these moves are temporary.
5. I am removing the libstatistics library.
The constraints that the CVC4 build system will eventually satisfy are:
- The include order for both the .h and .cpp files for a directory must respect the order libraries are built. For example, a file in options/ cannot include from the expr/ directory. This includes built source files such as those coming from */kinds files and */options files.
- The types definitions must also respect the build order. Forward type declarations will be allowed in exceptional, justified cases.
- The Makefile.am for a directory cannot generate a file outside of the directory it controls. (Or call another Makefile.am except through subdirectory calls.)
- One library per Makefile.am.
- No extra copies of libraries will be built for the purpose of distinguishing between external and internal visibility in libraries for building parser/ or main/ libraries and binaries. Any function used by parser/ and main/ will be labeled with CVC4_PUBLIC and be in a public API. (AFAICT, libstatistics was being built exactly to skirt this.)
The build order of CVC4 can now be [roughly] specified as
base < options < util < expr < smt_util < libcvc4 < parsers < main
The distinction between "base < options < util < expr" are currently clean. The relationship between expr and the subsequent directories/libraries are not yet clean.
More details about the directories:
base/
The new directory base/ contains the shared utilities that are absolutely crucial to starting cvc4. The list currently includes just: cvc4_assert.{h,cpp}, output.{h,cpp}, exception.{h,cpp}, and tls.{h, h.in, cpp}. These are things that are required everywhere.
options/
The options/ directory is self contained.
- It contains all of the enums that appear as options. This includes things like theory/bv/bitblast_mode.h .
- There are exactly 4 classes that handled currently using forward declarations currently to this: LogicInfo, LemmaInputChannel, LemmaOutputChannel, and CommandSequence. These will all be removed from options.
- Functionality of the options_handlers.h files has been moved into smt/smt_options_handler.h. The options library itself only uses an interface class defined in options/options_handler_interface.h. We are now using virtual dispatch to avoid using inlined functions as was previously done.
- The */options_handlers.h files have been removed.
- The generated smt/smt_options.cpp file has been be replaced by pushing the functionality that was generated into: options/options_handler_{get,set}_option_template.cpp . The non-generated functionality was moved into smt_engine.cpp.
- All of the options files have been moved from their directories into options/. This means includes like theory/arith/options.h have changed to change to options/arith_options.h .
util/
The util/ directory continues to contain core utility classes that may be used [almost] everywhere. The exception is that these are not used by options/ or base/. This includes things like rational and integer. These may not use anything in expr/ or libcvc4. A number of files have been moved out of this directory as they have cyclic dependencies graph with exprs and types. The build process up to this directory is currently clean.
expr/
The expr/ directory continues to be the home of expressions. The major change is files moving from util/ moving into expr/. The reason for this is that these files form a cycle with files in expr/.
- An example is datatype.h. This includes "expr/expr.h", "expr/type.h" while "expr/command.h" includes datatype.h.
- Another example is predicate.h. This uses expr.h and is also declared in a kinds file and thus appears in kinds.h.
- The rule of thumb is if expr/ pulls it in it needs to be independent of expr/, in which case it is in util/, or it is not, in which case it is pulled into expr/.
- Some files do not have a strong justification currently. Result, ResourceManager and SExpr can be moved back into util/ once the iostream manipulation routines are refactored out of the Node and Expr classes.
- Note the kinds files are expected to remain in the theory/ directories. These are only read in order to build sources.
- This directory is not yet clean. It contains forward references into libcvc4 such as the printer. It also makes some classes used by main/ and parser CVC4_PUBLIC.
smt_util/
The smt_util/ directory contains those utility classes which require exprs, but expr/ does not require them. These are mostly utilities for working with expressions and nodes. Examples include ite_removal.h, LemmaInputChannel and LemmaOutputChannel.
What is up next:
- A number of new #warning "TODO: ..." items have been scattered throughout the code as reminders to myself. Help with these issues is welcomed.
- The expr/ directory needs to be cleaned up in a similar to options/. Before this happens statistics needs to be cleaned up.
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master. See the CAV14 submission for an explanation of the changes to the integer solver's behavior. If compiled against the our custom extension of glpk, https://github.com/timothy-king/glpk-cut-log, this should have substantial differences in behavior. This should have moderate performance differences for linear real and integer arithmetic even if these features are disabled.
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Integer((long int)((1<<29)+1)) gave different values. This was confirmed on vm-int1.cims.nyu.edu. See http://www.ginac.de/CLN/cln_3.html#SEC15 for more details. rational_white and integer_white have tests covering this.
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just the header comments at the top, though. Don't update to this rev if
you don't have time for a complete rebuild, and exclude this rev if you
want to see what's new across a range of commits.
(this commit was certified error- and warning-free by the test-and-commit script.)
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* Internal uses of CheckArgument changed to AssertArgument/AlwaysAssertArgument()
* Make util/Assert.h cvc4_private instead of public, so AssertionException and friends are now internal-only
* CheckArgument() throws non-AssertionException
* things outside the core library (parsers, driver) use regular C-style assert,
or a public exception type.
* auto-generated documentation for Smt options and internal options
Also, a small fix to SMT-LIBv1 QF_ABV and QF_AUFBV definitions, which were nonstandard.
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the new CVC3-compatibility-API system test to fail)
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numerous bugfixes, and the cvc3 system test is enabled.
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* rename DeclarationScope to SymbolTable
* rename all HashStrategy -> HashFunction (which we often have anyways)
* remove CDCircList (no one is currently using it)
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1. changes the way options are declared (see http://church.cims.nyu.edu/wiki/Options)
2. moves module-specific options enumerations (SimplificationMode, DecisionMode, ArithUnateLemmaMode, etc.) to their own header files, also they are no longer inside the Options:: class namespace.
3. includes many SMT-LIBv2 compliance fixes, especially to (set-option..) and (get-option..)
The biggest syntactical changes (outside of adding new options) you'll notice are in accessing and setting options:
* to access an option, write (e.g.) options::unconstrainedSimp() instead of Options::current()->unconstrainedSimp.
* to determine if an option value was set by the user, check (e.g.) options::unconstrainedSimp.wasSetByUser().
* ensure that you have the option available (you have to #include the right module's options.h file, e.g. #include "theory/uf/options.h" for UF options)
*** this point is important. If you access an option and it tells you the option doesn't exist, you aren't #including the appropriate options.h header file ***
Note that if you want an option to be directly set (i.e., other than via command-line parsing or SmtEngine::setOption()), you need to mark the option :read-write in its options file (otherwise it's read-only), and you then write (e.g.) options::unconstrainedSimp.set(true).
Adding new options is incredibly simple for primitive types (int, unsigned, bool, string, double). For option settings that you need to turn into a member of an enumerated type, you write a custom "handler" for the option---this is no additional work than it was before, and there are many examples to copy from (a good one is stringToSimplificationMode() in src/smt/options_handlers.h).
Benefits of the new options system include:
1. changes to options declarations don't require a full-source rebuild (you only have to rebuild those sources that depend on the set of options that changed).
2. lots of sanity checks (that the same option isn't declared twice, that option values are in range for their type, that all options are documented properly, etc.)
3. consistency: Boolean-valued option --foo gets a --no-foo automatically, documentation is generated consistently, the option-parsing matches the documented option name, etc.
4. setting options programmatically via SmtEngine::setOption() is enabled, and behaves the same as command-line equivalents (including checking the value is in range, etc.)
5. the notion of options being "set by the user" is now primitive; you can use (e.g.) options::unconstrainedSimp.wasSetByUser() instead of having to use (and maintain) a separate Boolean option for the purpose
I've taken lots of care not to break anything. Hopefully, I've succeeded in that.
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* smtlib2 decimal constant can be "1.", i.e. doesn't need digits after the point
* adding CVC4_PUBLIC to rational output operator, otherwise it's unusable for users
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Below is a highlight of the changes:
- This introduces a new normal form to arithmetic.
-- Equalities and disequalities are in solved form.
Roughly speaking this means: (= x (+ y z)) is in normal form.
(See the comments in normal_form.h for what this formally requires.)
-- The normal form for inequality atoms always uses GEQ and GT instead of GEQ and LEQ.
Integer atoms always use GEQ.
- Constraint was added to TheoryArith.
-- A constraint is a triple of (k x v) where:
--- k is the type of the constraint (either LowerBound, UpperBound, Equality or Disequality),
--- x is an ArithVar, and
--- v is a DeltaRational value.
-- Constraints are always attached to a ConstraintDatabase.
-- A Constraint has its negation in the ConstraintDatabase [at least for now].
-- Every constraint belongs to a set of constraints for each ArithVar sorted by the delta rational values.
-- This set can be iterated over and provides efficient access to other constraints for this variable.
-- A literal may be attached to a constraint.
-- Constraints with attached literals may be marked as being asserted to the theory (sat context dependent).
-- Constraints can be propagated.
-- Every constraint has a proof (sat context dependent).
-- Proofs can be explained for either conflicts or propagations (if the node was propagated). (These proofs may be different.)
-- Equalities and disequalities can be marked as being split (user context dependent)
- This removes and replaces:
-- src/theory/arith/arith_prop_manager.*
-- src/theory/arith/atom_database.*
-- src/theory/arith/ordered_set.h
- Added isZero(), isOne() and isNegativeOne() to Rational and Integer.
- Added operator+ to CDList::const_iterator.
- Added const_iterator to CDQueue.
- Changes to regression tests.
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This is a significant refactoring of code.
- r2820
-- Refactors Simplex so that it does significantly fewer functions.
-- Adds the LinearEqualityModule for handling update and pivotAndUpdate and other utility functions that require access to both the tableau and partial model.
-- Some of the code for propagation has moved to TheoryArith.
-r2826
-- Small changes to documentation and removes the no longer implemented deduceLowerBound() and deduceUpperBound().
- r2827
-- Adds isZero() to Rational. Adds cmp to DeltaRational.
- r2831
-- Refactored comparison to upper and lower in the partial model to use DeltaRational::cmp.
-- Refactored AssertUpper and AssertLower in TheoryArith to include functionality that has weaseled into TheoryArith::assertionCases.
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r2650 to r2779.
- This excludes revision 2777. This revision had some strange performance implications and was delaying the merge.
- This includes the new DioSolver. The DioSolver can discover conflicts, produce substitutions, and produce cuts.
- The DioSolver can be disabled at command line using --disable-dio-solver.
- This includes a number of changes to the arithmetic normal form.
- The Integer class features a number of new number theoretic function.
- This commit includes a few rather loud warning. I will do my best to take care of them today.
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linking. Enable with --enable-language-bindings=java
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Dumping infrastructure. Can dump preprocessed queries and clauses. Can
also dump queries (for testing with another solver) to see if any conflicts
are missed, T-propagations are missed, all lemmas are T-valid, etc. For a
full list of options see --dump=help.
CUDD building much cleaner.
Documentation and assertion fixes.
Printer improvements, printing of commands in language-defined way, etc.
Typechecker stuff in expr package now autogenerated, no need to manually
edit the expr package when adding a new theory.
CVC3 compatibility layer (builds as libcompat).
SWIG detection and language binding support (infrastructure).
Support for some Z3 extended commands (like datatypes) in SMT-LIBv2 mode
(when not in compliance mode).
Copyright and file headers regenerated.
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infrastructure, and takes care not to affect CVC4's performance on LRA
benchmarks.
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coding standards
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modified in this commit
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building with CLN or with GMP, the contrib/switch-config script
(enabling "fast switching" of different configurations in the same
builds/ directory), and also some minor changes.
./configure --with-gmp (or --without-cln) forces building with GMP
and doesn't even look for CLN. Configure fails if GMP isn't installed.
./configure --with-cln (or --without-gmp) forces building with CLN
and doesn't even look for GMP. Configure fails if CLN isn't installed.
./configure [no arguments] will detect what's installed. CLN is
default, if it isn't installed, or is too old, GMP is looked for (and
configure fails if neither is available).
It is an error to specify --with-gmp --with-cln (or --without-* for
both) at the same time.
Building with CLN (whether forced or detected) adds a note to the
configure output mentioning the fact that the build of CVC4 will be
linked against a GPLed library and notifying the user of the
--without-cln option.
Building with GMP (whether forced or detected) affects the build
directory, so CLN and GMP builds are kept separate.
./configure --with-cln debug builds in builds/$arch/debug
./configure --with-gmp debug builds in builds/$arch/debug-gmp
The final binaries are linked explicitly against either gmp or cln,
but not both. If linked against cln, cln pulls in gmp as a
dependency, so the result will be linked against both.
=== Details that you probably don't care about ===
The headers src/util/{integer,rational}.h are generated from the
corresponding .in versions. A user installing a CVC4-devel package
will get the headers for rational and integer that match the library
that s/he installs.
The preprocessor #defines CVC4_GMP_IMP and CVC4_CLN_IMP are added to
cvc4autoconfig.h. Only one is ever #defined. cvc4autoconfig.h
doesn't need to be #included directly; you get it through #including
cvc4_private.h (or the parser version).
AM_CONDITIONALs are also defined so that Makefiles get the cln/gmp
configuration. AC_SUBSTs are defined so that public headers (see
src/util/{integer,rational}.h.in) can use the setting.
*Public* headers that need to depend on the cln/gmp configuration
can't use cvc4autoconfig.h, because we're keeping that in the private,
internal-only space, never to be installed on users' machines. Here,
something special is required, like the configure-level generation of
headers that I used for src/util/{integer,rational}.h.in.
Tim's Integer and Rational wrappers are the only bits of code that
should care which library is used (and also src/util/configuration.h,
which gives the user of the library information about how CVC4 is
built), and possibly some unit tests (?).
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The current commit allows for switching in between GMP and CLN by changing a flag manually in configure.ac. A configure time flag has not yet been added for deciding between the two.
To get this to work you will need to install cln in some form (for Ubuntu users the packages are libcln6(lucid)/libcln5 on karmic and libcln-dev). You will also need to install pkg-config. You will need to rerun ./autogen.sh, and reconfigure.
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