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diff --git a/src/util/cardinality.cpp b/src/util/cardinality.cpp
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+/*********************                                                        */
+/*! \file cardinality.cpp
+ ** \verbatim
+ ** Original author: mdeters
+ ** Major contributors: none
+ ** Minor contributors (to current version): none
+ ** This file is part of the CVC4 prototype.
+ ** Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011  The Analysis of Computer Systems Group (ACSys)
+ ** Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
+ ** New York University
+ ** See the file COPYING in the top-level source directory for licensing
+ ** information.\endverbatim
+ **
+ ** \brief Representation of cardinality
+ **
+ ** Implementation of a simple class to represent a cardinality.
+ **/
+
+#include "util/cardinality.h"
+
+namespace CVC4 {
+
+const Integer Cardinality::s_intCard(-1);
+const Integer Cardinality::s_realCard(-2);
+
+const Cardinality Cardinality::INTEGERS(Cardinality::Beth(0));
+const Cardinality Cardinality::REALS(Cardinality::Beth(1));
+
+Cardinality& Cardinality::operator+=(const Cardinality& c) throw() {
+  if(isFinite() && c.isFinite()) {
+    d_card += c.d_card;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  if(*this >= c) {
+    return *this;
+  } else {
+    return *this = c;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Assigning multiplication of this cardinality with another. */
+Cardinality& Cardinality::operator*=(const Cardinality& c) throw() {
+  if(*this == 0 || c == 0) {
+    return *this = 0;
+  } else if(!isFinite() || !c.isFinite()) {
+    if(*this >= c) {
+      return *this;
+    } else {
+      return *this = c;
+    }
+  } else {
+    d_card *= c.d_card;
+    return *this;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Assigning exponentiation of this cardinality with another. */
+Cardinality& Cardinality::operator^=(const Cardinality& c)
+  throw(IllegalArgumentException) {
+  if(c == 0) {
+    // (anything) ^ 0 == 1
+    d_card = 1;
+    return *this;
+  } else if(*this == 0) {
+    // 0 ^ (>= 1) == 0
+    return *this;
+  } else if(*this == 1) {
+    // 1 ^ (>= 1) == 1
+    return *this;
+  } else if(c == 1) {
+    // (anything) ^ 1 == (that thing)
+    return *this;
+  } else if(isFinite() && c.isFinite()) {
+    // finite ^ finite == finite
+    //
+    // Note: can throw an assertion if c is too big for
+    // exponentiation
+    d_card = d_card.pow(c.d_card.getUnsignedLong());
+    return *this;
+  } else if(!isFinite() && c.isFinite()) {
+    // inf ^ finite == inf
+    return *this;
+  } else {
+    Assert(*this >= 2 && !c.isFinite(),
+           "fall-through case not as expected:\n%s\n%s",
+           this->toString().c_str(), c.toString().c_str());
+    // (>= 2) ^ beth_k == beth_(k+1)
+    // unless the base is already > the exponent
+    if(*this > c) {
+      return *this;
+    }
+    d_card = c.d_card - 1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+}
+
+
+std::string Cardinality::toString() const throw() {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << *this;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
+                                Cardinality::Beth b)
+  throw() {
+  out << "beth[" << b.getNumber() << ']';
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Cardinality& c)
+  throw() {
+  if(c.isFinite()) {
+    out << c.getFiniteCardinality();
+  } else {
+    out << Cardinality::Beth(c.getBethNumber());
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+
+}/* CVC4 namespace */